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初一英语语法总结(初一英语基础语法汇总),
,句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。,1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。,通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.,2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。,主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day.,3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。,通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如:My name is Ping ping .,4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。,通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.,有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter,有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 如:He wrote a letter to me .,5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。,如: Shanghai is a big city .,6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .,7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。,如:They usually keep their classroom clean. He often helps me do my lessons. The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.,同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。,如:Where is your classmate Tom ?,(1)speak的用法,speak与say不同:speak表示"说"的动作,不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。,speak后面除了能接"语言"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示"对......说"。,help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......),want to do sth.(想要做某事),would like to do sth.,not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意),like...a lot = like...very much,(2)some和any的区别:,口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:,I have some money.,I dont have any money.,Do you have any money?,(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐),(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子),祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Dont开头。例如:,Dont go there!,(5)问职业:,What does sb. do?,What is sb.?,Whats sb.s job?,(6)work与job的区别:,work是未必有报酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。,(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:,on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground,(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里),look after(照料/照顾/照看),help oneself(请自便/随便吃),(9)表示"建议"的句型:百思特网"做某事如何?",What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语),How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语),Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?,(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper,have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper,take ones order,be kind to sb.,(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。,(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。,(13)how many与how much的区别:,how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词,(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;,How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。,think about(考虑),Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢),Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。),(15)one与it的区别:,当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。,例如:,Ann :I have a yellow bag.,Jane :I have a gre百思特网en one.,Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?,Mike : Look, its over there.,构词法:合成法、派生法和转换法。,1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。,2、派生法:,(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge,(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious,(3)派生副词:百思特网①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well,,possible→possibly等等。,3、转换法:,(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。,(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。,(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。,(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。,(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。,